Modeling Soil Carbon Under Diverse Cropping Systems and Farming Management in Contrasting Climatic Regions in Europe

Sustainable agriculture has been identified as key to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Development Goals, which aims end poverty and hunger address climate change while maintaining natural resources. Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a soil function ecosystem services, storing (C) in by changing traditional management practices can represent an important step toward development of more sustainable agricultural systems Europe. Within European project Diverfarming, process-based model ECOSSE was modified evaluated four long-term experiments (>8 years) assess impact crop diversification SOC dynamics. able simulate under dry conditions Mediterranean regions Spain Italy. In site Murcia, Spain, addition manure cover diversified produced increase 9 years, when compared with conventional (16% measured increase, 32% simulated increase). The effect tillage on stock soil, Foggia, Italy Huesca, also modeled, positive predicted no practiced. Finally, used understand diversifications Boreal regions, Finland, where different proportions legumes grass were considered 4-year rotation cereal rotations. Experiments modeling showed that loss compensated introduced A good agreement (NRMSE <10%) nonsignificant bias observed between experimental data all sites. Mitigation scenarios analysis test Huesca integrated best strategy SOC, ?51% over 20 baseline scenario (current farmers practice). This study demonstrated ability version dynamics cropping systems, various climatic conditions.